gallus tacc3  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The domain structure of human TACC3 is shown with conserved regions marked: N-terminal region (NTR, residues 1–108, coloured medium grey), Clathrin Interaction Domain (CID, residues 522–577, marked below), TACC domain (residues 636–838, coloured dark grey). Aurora-A phosphorylation sites are marked in bold italics. Known protein binding regions are marked below. (B) Co-precipitation assay between GST-AurA 1–129, GST-AurA-DN and TACC3-H6c. GST was used as a binding control. Reactions were analysed by SDS-PAGE (top panel). Binding of TACC3-H6c was confirmed by Western blot using an α-His 6 antibody (bottom panel). (C) In vitro kinase activity assay of Aurora-A 122–403 in the presence of TACC3-H6c and TACC3 fragments. The known Aurora-A activator, TPX2 1-43 was used as a positive control. Incorporation of 32 P radioisotope into MBP was quantified by scintillation counting. Error bars represent the standard error for two independent reactions. ** = P<0.01, *** = P<0.001 and **** = P<0.0001 using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test compared to the MBP only reaction. SDS-PAGE analysis of TACC3 proteins used in this assay is shown in . (D) Stimulation of Aurora-A 122–403 autophosphorylation by TPX2 1-43 and TACC3act. Total Aurora-A is shown in the SDS-PAGE gel (top panel). Levels of phosphorylation were observed by Western blot using an antibody specific to Aurora-A phosphorylated on Thr288 (bottom panel). (E) Protection of Aurora-A 122–403 from dephosphorylation by PP1 in the presence of TPX2 1-43 and TACC3act. Aurora-A, TPX2 1-43 and TACC3act were resolved by SDS-PAGE (top panel). Aurora-A phosphorylation was detected by Western blot using a α-phosphoThr288 Aurora-A antibody (bottom panel).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Protein Binding, Binding Assay, SDS Page, Western Blot, In Vitro, Kinase Assay, Positive Control, De-Phosphorylation Assay

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) In vitro kinase activity assay of Aurora-A 122–403 in the presence of TACC3act, TACC3-H6c and TACC3 mutants. ΔΔ, TACC3-H6c Δ519–546 and Δ564–629. Stimulation of Aurora-A catalytic activity by TACC3 was determined by incorporation of 32 P into MBP and quantified by scintillation counting. TPX2 1-43 was used as a positive control for Aurora-A activation. Error bars represent the standard error for two independent reactions. ** = P<0.01, *** = P<0.001 and **** = P<0.0001 using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test compared to the MBP only reaction (left) and compared to the WT reaction (right). (B) Co-precipitation assay to assess binding between GST-AurA-DN and TACC3act-H6c (WT) and the point mutant, TACC3act-H6c F525A (F525A). GST was used as a binding control. (C) Binding affinities of Aurora-A 122–403 C290A, C393A for TACC3act-H6c WT and F525A were determined using microscale thermophoresis. Data were fitted to . Error bars represent the standard deviation of 3 measurements. (D) Multiple sequence alignment of TACC3 homologues within the minimal Aurora-A binding region. Asterisks above the alignment mark Aurora-A phosphorylation sites. Sequence conservation is shown below the alignment: ‘*’ indicates identical residues, ‘:’ identifies conservative substitutions and ‘.’ represents semi-conserved substitutions. Conserved aromatic residues are marked with black boxes. Residue F525 is marked with an arrow.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: In Vitro, Kinase Assay, Activity Assay, Positive Control, Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Microscale Thermophoresis, Standard Deviation, Sequencing

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Ser558 phosphorylation of TACC3-H6c WT, F525A, ΔΔ (TACC3-H6c Δ519–546 and Δ564–629) and S558A by Aurora-A was measured by quantitative immunofluorescent blotting using an antibody specific to phosphorylated Ser558 in TACC3 (middle, the scanned blot was converted to black and white). The coomassie-stained gel is shown above. Quantification of phosphorylation is shown below. Error bars represent the standard error for two independent reactions. *** = P<0.001 using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test compared to the WT reaction. (B) Total phosphorylation of TACC3-H6c WT, ΔΔ and point mutants by Aurora-A was monitored by incorporation of 32 P-labelled ATP (bottom). Phospho-null (SA) has three mutations: S34A, S552A, S558A. Coomassie-stained gels are shown above. (C) Co-precipitation assay to assess binding between GST-AurA-DN and TACC3. The assay used wild-type, phospho-null (SA) and phospho-mimic (SE) TACC3-H6c as prey proteins. GST was used as a binding control. (D) Activation of Aurora-A by TACC3-H6c WT, SA and SE was monitored by in vitro kinase activity assay. The catalytic activity of Aurora-A was determined by incorporation of 32 P into MBP and quantified by scintillation counting. TPX2 1-43 was used as a positive control for Aurora-A activation. Error bars represent the standard error for two independent reactions. ** = P<0.01 and *** = P<0.001 using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test compared to the WT reaction.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Staining, Binding Assay, Activation Assay, In Vitro, Kinase Assay, Activity Assay, Positive Control

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Graphical illustration of domain organization, numbering and properties of key residues in Homo sapiens (Hs) and Gallus gallus (Gg) TACC3 proteins. Framed area below shows properties of mutant TACC3 protein products expressed in F543A, S574A and DEL cells, respectively. (B) Growth curves are shown for WT and mutant cell lines. n = 3 technical replicates, error bars represent standard deviation. (C) Measurement of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) by tandem liquid–chromatography mass spectrometry in cells. hmC levels are expressed as parts per million (ppm) of total cytosines or ‘C’. Note that hmC levels inversely correlate with proliferation rate . n = 3 technical replicates. Statistical significance was assessed using t-test (**** P < 0.0001). (D) Western blot shows TACC3 protein levels in the DT40 cell lines with genotypes as indicated. The p150 subunit of dynactin serves as loading control. (E) TACC3 localisation to the mitotic spindle is impaired in all three mutant DT40 cell lines. In merged images α-tubulin is green, TACC3 is red and DNA is blue. Scale bar = 5 μm. Box plot on right depicts intensity of TACC3 staining on the mitotic spindle. TACC3 signal intensity was quantified in mitotic spindle volumes defined by α-tubulin staining. A minimum of 60 cells was scored per genotype. Statistical significance was assessed using t-test (**** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Standard Deviation, Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Western blots show immunoprecipitation of TACC3 from DT40 cell extracts. Cells were blocked in mitosis by nocodazole (+Noc) for 16 hours or released from nocodazole block into MG132 for 1 hour (+MG132). Genotypes are as indicated. Antibodies against TACC3 or random rabbit IgG (Con) were used for immunoprecipitation (IP). Inputs represent cytoplasmic extracts. Blots were probed with anti-TACC3 or anti-phospho-S574-TACC3 (P-TACC3) antibodies. The percentages below the plots refer to P-TACC3 signal levels in the mutants relative to WT. Band intensities were analysed on films with ImageJ; P-TACC3 signal was normalized against total TACC3 (inputs) or total immunoprecipitated TACC3 for each genotype. (B) Western blots show co-immunoprecipitation of clathrin and TACC3 from DT40 cell extracts. Genotypes are as indicated. Antibodies against clathrin heavy chain (CHC) or random rabbit IgG (con) were used for immunoprecipitation (IP). Inputs represent cytoplasmic extracts. Blots were probed with anti-CHC or anti-TACC3 antibodies, as indicated. The percentages below the plots refer to TACC3 signal levels in F543A relative to WT. Band intensities were analysed on films with ImageJ and TACC3 signal was normalized against total immunoprecipitated clathrin for each genotype. (C) Western blots show co-immunoprecipitation of clathrin with P-TACC3 from WT and F543A DT40 cell extracts. Antibodies against clathrin heavy chain (CHC) or random rabbit IgG (con) were used for immunoprecipitation (IP). Inputs represent cytoplasmic extracts. Blots were probed with anti-CHC, anti-TACC3 or anti P-TACC3 antibodies, as indicated. (D) Localisation of clathrin in mitotic cells is shown on left. In merged images α-tubulin is green, clathrin (CHC) is red and DNA is blue. Scale bar = 5 μm. Box plot on right depicts mean intensity of clathrin staining on the mitotic spindle. Signal intensity of clathrin (CHC) antibody was quantified in mitotic spindle volumes defined by α-tubulin-FITC staining. A minimum of 25 cells was scored per genotype. Statistical significance was assessed using t-test (***P = 0.0001, **** P < 0.0001). (E) Western blots of sucrose gradient centrifugation from WT and F543A cytoplasmic cell extracts. Note different fractionation patterns between genotypes: in F543A cells fraction 13 contains increased amounts of ch-TOG, TACC3 and Aurora-A, but not clathrin. TPX2 and EB1 display similar fractionation patterns between WT and F543A cells. Position of molecular weight markers (BSA: 4.4S; Apoferritin: 17.6S; Thyroglobulin: 19.4S) on the gradient is shown.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Blocking Assay, Staining, Gradient Centrifugation, Fractionation, Molecular Weight

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Spindle length measured in 3D using Volocity. Number of cells analysed is indicated in graph (n). Student t-test (**** P < 0.0001). (B) Mitotic spindle morphologies (as described in main text) observed during time-lapse microscopy of GFP-tubulin-expressing TACC3 mutant cell lines. Representative still frames are shown on left. Scale bar = 5 μm. (C) Durations of NEBD to anaphase onset obtained from time-lapse microscopy performed on GFP-tubulin-expressing TACC3 mutant cell lines. F543A_1 and F543A_2 cells represent independently derived clones. Note that we observed no correlation between GFP levels and mitotic timing, or between mitotic timing and time of NEBD with respect to duration of filming in these experiments. Box plot shows 10–90 percentiles for each genotype. Number of cells analysed is indicated in graph (n). Mann Whitney nonparametric t-test (**** P < 0.0001, *** P < 0.001 and n.s. stands for ‘no significance’). (D) Durations of NEBD to anaphase onset obtained from time-lapse microscopy performed on EB3-GFP-expressing cells. Box plot shows 10–90 percentiles. Number of cells analysed is indicated in the graph (n). Mann Whitney nonparametric t-test. (**** P < 0.0001). (E) Analysis of chromosome segregation. Top table shows percentage of lagging chromatids seen during anaphase in fixed cells. Bottom table shows results from metaphase chromosome (chr) spreads. Number of autosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and the sex chromosome, Z was analysed in cells. Frequencies of loss or gain of a single copy of individual chromosomes are indicated. Note that WT DT40 cells are trisomic for chromosome 2, whilst all the TACC3 mutants are diploid. Therefore, cells with two or three copies of chromosome 2’s are marked with ‘*’ or ‘#’, respectively. (F) Plot depicts time between NEBD and bipolar spindle appearance in time-lapse microscopy from Fig 7B. Cells with multipolar spindles and cells in which one of the two spindle poles was outside of the Z stack range for these time points were excluded from analysis. Number of cells analysed is indicated in graph (n). Mann Whitney nonparametric t-test (* P = 0.04, **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Time-lapse Microscopy, Expressing, Mutagenesis, Derivative Assay, Clone Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) MT regrowth assays in DT40 cells with genotypes as indicated. MTs were depolymerized by nocodazole and then allowed to recover for 3 or 15 minutes. Note that the mutant TACC3 products accumulate on nascent MTs. Scale bar = 5 μm. (B) Graph depicts percentages of mitotic cells with discernible bipolar spindles after 15 minutes of MT regrowth. n = 3 independent experiments; minimum of 100 cells scored per genotype per experiment. Student t-test (* P = 0.03).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005345

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Table summarises phenotypes observed in the DT40 TACC3 mutants. Cell doubling time of F543A is similar to WT, but hmC levels indicate faster proliferation, hence the n.e./+ description. (B) Model illustrates roles of different TACC3 pools during mitosis. Briefly, in prometaphase TACC3 is phosphorylated on S558 by TPX2-bound Aurora-A, and P-TACC3 enhances MT polymerase activity of ch-TOG both near centrosomes and chromatin. As kinetochore MTs become established, TACC3 recruits clathrin to these MTs, but the complex is initially unstable. Long-lived kinetochore MTs allow local activation of Aurora-A by TACC3 and phosphorylation at S558 stabilises the TACC3-clathrin complex, which in turn crosslinks these MTs.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CDK5RAP2 [ ], anti-TACC3 against aa 126–442 of Gallus gallus TACC3 [ ], anti-phospho-S558-TACC3/P-TACC3 (Cell Signaling), anti-ch-TOG (QED Bioscience, 34032), anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (Abcam; 21679 and BD Biosciences, 610500), anti-Aurora-A (35C1; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin (Dm1α; Sigma), anti-α-tubulin-FITC (Sigma), anti-γ-tubulin (GTU88; Sigma) anti-phospho-Histone H3 (Millipore), anti-BubR1 (kind gift of W. Earnshaw) and phospho-Aurora-A/B/C (Cell Signaling).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay